The physics of pipe organ

The company MODARTT develops virtual musical instruments, but not by sampling, they simulate the physics of pianos and organs by modeling how the air (or string for pianos) and the rest of the instrument resonates and transmits the sounds.

They wrote a very interesting article called Organ Physical Modeling where they explain in details how the pressure waves oscillate inside the air pipes; this is focused on pipe organs, but the physics also apply to woodwind instruments with a fipple, like recorders, irish whistles and flutes.

I specially loved this take: ”Organ pipes are DC/AC converters!”.